Many people know ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) as a condition associated with inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Fewer people realise that ADHD is often linked with physical conditions like hypermobility, a trait characterised by unusually flexible joints. At first glance, a condition related to attention and another affecting physical movement may seem unrelated. However, growing research suggests a significant connection between ADHD and hypermobility, particularly in relation to the nervous system, connective tissue, and sensory processing.
In this blog, we’ll explore the link between ADHD and hypermobility, why they often appear together, and what it means for those who experience both.
What Is Hypermobility?
Hypermobility refers to joints that move beyond the normal range of motion. It exists on a spectrum, from mild flexibility to more severe cases where joint instability causes pain and dysfunction. In some cases, hypermobility is part of a diagnosed condition, such as:
- Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) – When joint flexibility is accompanied by pain and discomfort.
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), particularly the hypermobile type (hEDS) – A connective tissue disorder that affects joints, skin, and internal organs.
Symptoms of hypermobility can include:
- Frequent joint dislocations or subluxations
- Chronic pain and fatigue
- Poor proprioception (awareness of body position)
- Digestive issues
- Easy bruising and fragile skin
The ADHD-Hypermobility Connection
Several studies suggest that individuals with ADHD are more likely to have hypermobility, and vice versa. While research is ongoing, here are some key reasons why these conditions often co-exist:
1. Dysfunction in the Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. Research suggests that both ADHD and hypermobility may involve ANS dysfunction, particularly in the form of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), a condition that causes dizziness, fainting, and heart rate abnormalities. This dysfunction can contribute to symptoms such as:
- Poor temperature regulation
- Fatigue and brain fog
- Lightheadedness when standing up
2. Connective Tissue and Brain Structure Differences
Hypermobility is caused by differences in connective tissue, primarily collagen, which affects the strength and elasticity of joints, skin, and even the nervous system. Some researchers propose that altered connective tissue could also influence neurodevelopment. In other words, the same biological factors that lead to joint hypermobility might also play a role in ADHD-related differences in brain structure and function.
3. Sensory Processing Differences
Both ADHD and hypermobility are associated with sensory processing issues. Many individuals with hypermobility experience:
- Proprioceptive difficulties – A lack of awareness of where their body is in space, leading to clumsiness or frequent injuries.
- Heightened pain sensitivity – More acute responses to pain or discomfort.
- Vestibular issues – Difficulty with balance and coordination.
Similarly, ADHD is often linked with sensory seeking or avoidance behaviours, making it difficult for individuals to regulate their responses to physical sensations.
4. Dopamine Dysregulation
Dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to attention, motivation, and movement, is known to function differently in people with ADHD. Some researchers believe that dopamine may also play a role in hypermobility, as it impacts muscle tone, coordination, and pain perception.
Key Statistics and Research Findings
- A 2017 study published in the Journal of Pediatrics found that children with hypermobility were significantly more likely to have ADHD.
- Research from The American Journal of Medical Genetics suggested that people with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) are more likely to experience ADHD symptoms.
- A 2021 study found that 47% of people with hypermobility also met the criteria for ADHD, compared to a much lower percentage in the general population.
While these studies highlight a strong link, more research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms connecting ADHD and hypermobility.
What Does This Mean for People with ADHD and Hypermobility?
Understanding the link between ADHD and hypermobility can help individuals receive better support. Here are some ways to manage both conditions:
1. Recognising Physical Symptoms in ADHD Management
If you have ADHD and experience unexplained joint pain, fatigue, or coordination issues, it may be worth exploring whether hypermobility plays a role. A healthcare professional can help assess joint function and provide strategies for symptom management.
2. Physical Therapy and Strength Training
Since hypermobility can cause joint instability, strength training and physiotherapy can help stabilize joints and reduce pain. A tailored exercise program can improve muscle tone and proprioception, making daily activities easier.
3. Managing Sensory Overload
People with both ADHD and hypermobility often experience sensory overload due to pain, fatigue, or proprioceptive differences. Strategies such as deep pressure therapy, weighted blankets, and sensory-friendly environments can help regulate sensory input.
4. Addressing Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction
For those experiencing dizziness or fatigue, lifestyle adjustments like increased salt intake, hydration, and compression garments may help manage symptoms related to ANS dysfunction.
5. Medication Considerations
If you take medication for ADHD, discuss any co-occurring hypermobility symptoms with your doctor. Some stimulant medications can affect heart rate and blood pressure, which may be relevant if you experience ANS-related issues.
Final Thoughts
The connection between ADHD and hypermobility is gaining increasing recognition, but many people (and even medical professionals) are still unaware of how these conditions intersect. By understanding this link, individuals can seek appropriate support, manage symptoms effectively, and improve overall well-being.
If you suspect that you or your child may have both ADHD and hypermobility, consider speaking with a healthcare professional who understands the overlap between neurological and connective tissue disorders. Increased awareness and better research can lead to improved treatments and support for those navigating both conditions.
Do you experience both ADHD and hypermobility? Share your experiences in the comments—we’d love to hear your insights!
We Think You Might Also Like:
Why ADHD Often Goes Undetected in Adults
The Strengths of ADHD: Unlocking Unique Potential
What Are The Benefits of Supporting Parents of Neurodivergent Children in the Workplace?
About Enna Global
At Enna, we specialise in helping inclusive employers unlock the potential of neurodivergent talent through tailored recruitment services, expert neurodiversity training, and innovative workplace solutions. Founded in London by CEO Emily Banks in 2019, our mission is to create truly inclusive workplaces where neurodivergent employees can thrive, bringing unparalleled creativity, focus, and innovation to organisations. Whether you’re looking to recruit exceptional neurodivergent candidates, enhance your team’s understanding with neurodivergence workshops, or advertise job opportunities that attract diverse talent, we’re here to support you. Explore our resources, success stories, and services to take your first step toward transforming your workplace and embracing the power of neurodivergence. We’re so happy you’re here! 😉