Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition which impacts communication, social interaction and behaviour. It is estimated that 1 in 100 people in the UK are autistic, although the figure may be much higher. Despite its prevalence, there are still misconceptions about what autism is and what the spectrum actually looks like.

The Linear Spectrum vs. The Multidimensional Spectrum

When you search for “the autism spectrum” online, the most common image that appears is a linear spectrum, with someone ‘less autistic’ on one end and ‘more autistic’ on the other. Or, you may also see ‘high functioning’ or ‘low functioning’ labels. While this image provides a general overview of autism, it is important to note that it is not an accurate illustration of autism.

The reality is that the autism spectrum is more like a multidimensional puzzle with dozens of different colours and varying gradients – all intertwined.

To better understand this complexity, let’s take a look at the linear spectrum. The linear spectrum has two endpoints – ‘less’ autistic on the white end and ‘more’ autistic on the red end. In between, are various levels of autism that increase in severity as you move towards the right. It’s easy to see how someone on the left could have fewer difficulties than someone on the right side of the spectrum.

On the other image, it looks much more like a circular rainbow. The different colours represent the different symptoms of autism. The stronger colours on the outside of the circle represent the more severe symptoms, whereas as we move into the centre, the lighter colour represents a diminished or non-existent symptom.

Many of these symptoms are intertwined and can be found in different combinations. For example my Dad has a clear need for routine, but doesn’t struggle with communication. This is why it can be difficult to diagnose autism, as no two people have the same combination of symptoms.

Labels to Avoid

Each autistic individual may have a unique combination of characteristics and needs. This means that no two autistic individuals are alike, and categorising them based on a linear spectrum is impossible. As a result of this, we shouldn’t use certain labels to describe autistic individuals.

‘Higher’ and ‘Lower’ Functioning

Higher functioning and lower functioning labels can be stigmatising and lead to discrimination. People who are labeled as ‘lower functioning’ may be perceived as less capable, needing more support and therefore their abilities underestimated. On the other hand, people who are labelled as ‘higher functioning’ may be dismissed as not needing support or adjustments in the workplace.

‘More’ or ‘Less’ Autistic`

Describing people as ‘more’ or ‘less’ autistic is outdated and can create a hierarchy within the autistic community, as those within the ‘more’ autistic label may be seen as more difficult to understand or support.

No Two Autistic People are the Same

Overall, its really important to get your head around the spectrum and how different terms can be damaging to some autistic people, especially in the workplace. There is a famous saying that ‘if you have met one person with autism, you have met one person with autism’ and thats completely true.

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